Nutritional and Herbal Supplements
Inadequate regulation of dietary supplements in the U.S. has resulted in a serious quality problem with natural products. However, some companies ensure the purity and potency of their products through independent third-party evaluation and market only to licensed health care professionals. Most of Dr. Traub’s supplement prescriptions will be ordered for you from an online dispensary called Fullscript and they will be mailed to your address expeditiously.
Vitamin E
Is a good example that there is no simple answer to whether or not to use it for surgical support. Patients requiring antiplatelet agents should not take vitamin E preoperatively. Healthy patients taking supplemental vitamin E show no decrease in platelet aggregation but do show a decrease in platelet adherence and should not take vitamin E preoperatively. Diabetic patients have abnormal platelets and may benefit from stopping vitamin E prior to surgery but resuming it afterwards to avoid increased platelet aggregation caused by cumulative effects of surgery and their disease. Patients undergoing tendon repairs and other procedures requiring strong collagen repairs should avoid vitamin E before and after surgery (Petry JJ. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Jan;97(1):233-40). There is no evidence that topical vitamin E speeds wound healing or improves cosmetic outcome of burns and other wounds. It may actually be detrimental to the cosmetic appearance of a scar and has a high incidence of causing contact dermatitis. (Baumann LS, et al. Dermatol Surg. 1999 Apr;(4):311-5).
Vitamin A
Should be given preoperatively, especially to steroid-treated patients and those with decreased immunity. It is especially indicated for surgical patients with sepsis, fractures, tendon damage, gastrointestinal dysfunction, bowel anastomoses and trauma. It should be used cautiously in patients for whom the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids is needed (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), since this will be inhibited somewhat by vitamin A. The recommended dosage is 25,000 iu daily, except in pregnant women, where it should be limited to 5,000 iu daily.
Bromelain
Significantly increases the resorption rate of hematomas (bruises), as demonstrated in a well-designed placebo-controlled trial in 1965. (Woolf, RM et al. J Trauma 1965. 5:491) Bromelain has been studied as well for its effect on blood-clotting mechanisms. Forty-seven patients with various disorders having edema and inflammation were given bromelain for one week. Bleeding, coagulation, and prothrombin times were determined immediately before and after therapy. Changes in these values were very slight and without practical significance. (Cirelli MG, Smyth, RD. J Clin Pharmacol 1963: 3;37-39). The recommended dose is 500 mg qid on an empty stomach beginning 3 days prior to surgery and for at least 3 days postoperatively.
Vitamin C
Is needed to make collagen and to ensure proper wound healing. Severe injury appears to increase vitamin C requirements and vitamin C deficiency causes delayed healing. Preliminary human studies suggest that vitamin C supplementation in non-deficient people can speed healing of various types of wounds and trauma, including surgery, minor injuries, herniated intervertebral discs and skin ulcers (Mazzotta MY. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1994;84:456–62). A combination of 1–3 grams per day of vitamin C and 200–900 mg per day of pantothenic acid has produced minor improvements in the strength of healing skin tissue (Vaxman F, et al. Eur Surg Res 1996;28:306–14).
Zinc
Is a component of many enzymes, including some that are needed to repair wounds. Even a mild deficiency of zinc can interfere with optimal recovery from everyday tissue damage, as well as from more serious trauma. One controlled trial found the healing time of a surgical wound was reduced by 43% with oral supplementation of 50 mg of zinc tid (Pories WJ, et al. Ann Surg 1967;165:432–6).
A partial list of medicines and supplements to be avoided due to their potential for anticoagulant effects include aspirin, borage seed oil, curcumin, evening primrose oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil, garlic, ginger, ginseng, and green tea.
Fractionated citrus pectin is advisable during biopsy of suspected malignancies and in cancer surgery. By binding to galactin 3 receptors, these pectin fractions have significantly reduced the aggregation of cancer cells and the adhesion of breast, prostate and melanoma cells to healthy epithelium. Dosage is 6 gm bid for 3 days prior to the procedure and for up to 6 months afterwards.
Arnica montana
Is a homeopathic medicine that is routinely prescribed by homeopaths to alleviate the soft tissue trauma from surgery, to reduce bleeding, bruising, pain and swelling, and prevent infection. Studies have been mixed and further research is needed to draw firm conclusions. (Jaggi R, et al. Inflamm Res 2004;53(4):150-157; Ernst E, Pittler MH. Arch Surg 1998;133(11):1187-1190; Petry JJ. Arnica and homeopathy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;May, 113(6):1867-1868).
The most frequently used nutritional supplements and those potentially most detrimental or most beneficial for surgical patients have been chosen for review of pertinent effects. It is essential to ask patients specifically about supplements or unusual dietary habits that may affect their surgical outcome prior to their procedure and to keep in mind the supplements that may improve their outcome.